The Sensitive Beast Shakespeares Presentation of Caliban - Literature Essay Samples

Caliban is certainly one of the most complex and contradictory characters in Shakespeares The Tempest, at different points embodying the poetic, the absurd, the pathetic, and the savagely evil. For this reason, he is also one of the most interesting and fiercely debated of Shakespeares characters. It is hard to imagine how Shakespeare intended Elizabethan audiences to respond to the character of Caliban. He was doubtless very popular, since he was created during a time of increased exploration, an era during which tales of monsters and strange new worlds began to return to England. However, there is far more to Caliban than his monstrous appearance, and although the play was written primarily for entertainment purposes, Calibans role surpasses that of the islands devil creature. Indeed, the question of Calibans importance is still debated hundreds of years after his inception: is he the savage, inherently evil beast that Prospero considers him, or is there more to Caliban than f irst impressions would suggest?Caliban is certainly not a pleasant or polite character. He has the appearance of a freckled whelp hag-born, not honoured with a human shape and a very ancient and fish like smell. These descriptions encourage the audiences disgust for Calibans monstrous appearance. There is also cause for thinking that Caliban is rather stupid: Prospero refers to him as dull thing, and his allegiance to Stephano on the basis of celestial liquor is so ill-advised as to be asinine. As the conspirators carry out their ridiculous plot against Prospero, Shakespeare makes the trio into laughable characters, presenting Caliban as a comic character unable to formulate or carry out a plan. However, it is Calibans insolence and ingratitude that inspire Prosperos and Mirandas dislike. Caliban himself tells us that when they first arrived on the island they strokst [him], and made much of [him]and then [he] loved [them], but Prospero immediately points out that Caliban then didst seek to violate the honour of [his] child, and shows no remorse for the fact. Through this exchange, Shakespeare highlights Calibans apparent ingratitude: in Elizabethan times, a father would have been well within his rights to treat his daughters attacker far more harshly. Calibans abuse of language is also significant in highlighting his abuse of Prosperos kindness. Indeed, he is a savage who wouldst gabble like a thing most brutish, before Prospero took pains to make [him] speak and endowed [his] purposes with words that made them known. However, Caliban has taken language, with its infinite possibilities and advantages, and says that my only profit on t is I know how to curse. The fact that Caliban debases such a useful tool which, we imagine, was painstakingly taught to him, again highlights Calibans lack of appreciation for other peoples efforts.Many people consider Caliban far more than merely unpleasant: there is reason to find him inherently evil. Calibans natur al propensity is for evil. His instincts are to satisfy appetite and to avoid discomfort, and to do these things he will lie, betray kindness, and cheat and base himself to any extent.1 This idea is certainly held by Prospero, and indeed, Shakespeare does not seem to intend us to form a high opinion of this character. Prospero, whose opinions carry authority with the audience, calls Caliban the son that [Sycorax] did litter here, suggesting that he is not only ugly, but inhuman. We also learn early on of Calibans past, and of his mother: This damned witch Sycorax with sorceries terrible to enter human hearing. Calibans parentage supports the idea that he is inherently evil, as he has deep roots in the black arts, even though he displays no powers of his own. Prospero also refers to Caliban as Abhorred slave / Which any print of goodness wilt not take / Being capable of all ill! In Prosperos opinion, Calibans evil nature cannot be changed by acts of good he has already tried t his, to no effect. Instead, he takes the view that Caliban is a slave whom stripes may move, not kindness. It seems that the only thing that Caliban will fully respond to is physical punishment, as he has no appreciation of the acts of kindness bestowed upon him by Prospero and Miranda.There are, however, other sides to Caliban: although rarely shown, they add considerable depth and complexity to his character. There are several moments in the play when Shakespeare evokes the audiences sympathy for him, such as when he meets Trinculo and Stephano. The plot that these three hatch is the comedy storyline, but Caliban does show some interesting characteristics, such as his servile nature. Although he claims to bitterly resent Prosperos authority over him, instead of becoming his own master, his adoption of a new brave god who bears celestial liquor can be interpreted as a combination of naivety and servility. Personally, I cannot help but feel a little pity for Caliban as he vows to kiss [Stephanos] foot; [Hell] swear [himself Stephanos] subject; Shakespeare does seem to use Calibans melodramatic worship of Stephano to show audiences a more innocent side to the character. Although it is obvious that this relationship will rapidly deteriorate, Caliban remains devoted to Stephano for some time before realising the error of his ways.Calibans plot to kill Prospero, ironically, highlights some of his better qualities. While his allegiance to Stephano is foolish, and their subsequent plan ridiculous, Caliban is nevertheless able to formulate a conceivable plan even under the dulling influence of alcohol. He also displays some skill in persuading Stephano to join in his plot, telling him about Miranda, a nonpareil who will become [his] bedand bring [him] forth brave brood. These persuasive techniques, while crude, are effective, and Shakespeare allows us to see that Caliban does have some degree of intelligence. This also provides a parallel to Antonio, whose persuasive techniques are revealed in a plot to kill his master. When the plot is being carried out, it is Caliban who has the sense to tell the others to tread softly, and speak softly so as not to jeopardise their plans. He is the only one of the three not to be distracted by Prosperos gaudy clothes, telling the others to Let it alone, thou fool; it is but trash. Here, we see Caliban lead two men, prioritising and giving orders, again suggesting that the character has a measure of intelligence.Caliban is also the only character to show any real appreciation of the beauty of the island and the natural world. He is certainly the character most in tune with nature; he has lived in it all his life, and it is he who shows Prospero all the qualities o th isle. Indeed, it is Caliban who gives a particularly moving speech about the island:Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises.Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight, and hurt not.Sometimes a thousand twangling instrumentsWill hu m about mine ears; and sometimes voices,That, if I then had waked after long sleep,Will make me sleep again. And then, in dreaming,The clouds methought would open, and show richesReady to drop upon me; that, when I waked,I cried to dream again. (Act III Scene ii)While Prospero is concerned with his magic and Miranda, for all her virtue, makes little comment about the island itself, Caliban makes one of the most moving speeches of the play, one that has become famous for its poetry and vivid eloquence. This speech certainly shows Calibans appreciation of the magical properties of the island, truly calling into question the popular idea that Caliban is no more than a beast or a monster. While he may not have an understanding of good as defined by the society Prospero inhabits, he certainly appreciates the beauty in nature and displays a sensitivity almost unrivalled in the play. References to twangling instruments, dreaming and the cloudsopen, and show riches imply Calibans ability to perceive heavenly images. If Shakespeare did, in fact, include these religious connotations deliberately, he seems to be presenting Caliban as different and uncivilised, rather than evil.It seems likely that Shakespeare did not intend to portray Caliban as a villainous stock character. To the contrary, he includes subtleties and complexities that deepen and strengthen the character. While the play was written primarily for entertainment purposes, it is undeniable that Shakespeares own interests and opinions are expressed in his plays. Although he did not intend The Tempest to convey an explicit message, several themes and ideas running through the play suggest that Shakespeare used the various characters and situations to raise questions and convey certain beliefs.On a purely entertainment level, Caliban is of vital importance to the play. The plot with Stephano and Trinculo is a comic storyline providing light relief from the more serious plots of Antonio and Prospero. Th is offers the audience a change of mood and pace, preventing the play from becoming too heavy. It also allows the play to cater to a wider range of people, giving it something for everyone. It is true that Calibans character can be taken at face value, as a stock evil character; an easily-identified bad character adds colour and variety to the play. However, Caliban also gives audiences some of the most beautiful poetry found in the play: the isle is full of noises speech is renowned for its vivid and atmospheric narrative. All of these elements add to the entertainment value of the play and contribute to Calibans dramatic significance.To modern audiences, The Tempest is an invaluable treatise on the theme of colonisation. Prospero represents the western, civilised world, while Caliban is the savage who is subjected to the whims of a new society and social hierarchy. Although it is doubtful that Shakespeare actually intended such a debate to arise from this work, I feel that a s 20th-century readers we must question whether Prosperos claim to the island is a fair one, and whether Caliban should be punished for breaking the rules which Prospero himself has imposed. The natural, savage world that Caliban inhabits is shown, through his isle is full of noises speech, to have a unique beauty of its own. However, this beauty is rejected by Prospero, who introduces his own language, culture, and principles to the island. Caliban, forced into servitude, alarmingly recalls the victims of the slave trade during the era of colonisation.Shakespeare is by no means making a direct statement about the morality of colonisation: this theme only became truly apparent after the process of decolonisation during the 20th-century. However, it appears that Shakespeare does use Caliban to express the idea that the natural world is not necessarily inferior to civilised society. Indeed, a common theme in many of Shakespeares plays is the notion that city or court life only de tracts from the natural order of things. In The Tempest, it is only through a series of events that the sinners are punished and the rightful Duke returned to power. Similarly, in A Midsummer Nights Dream, it is the events in the forest that solve the problems of the lovers. Shakespeare seems to present audiences with the idea that civilised society is not always desirable, and warns us never to underestimate the value and the power of the natural world.Caliban is also employed in the theme of forgiveness and redemption: in the final scene, Caliban vows to be wise hereafter, and seek for grace. Although there is some debate as to the sincerity of this apology, it does suggest that Caliban realises that what he has done is wrong, and has better intentions for the future. It also brings up the idea of mercy. This is the first time that Caliban has not been punished with physical pain by Prospero he fears that he will be pinched to death and it is only now that he recognises h is faults and aspires to correct them. In this scene, Caliban is also contrasted with the other character who plots against Prospero: Antonio. While Caliban makes some attempt to apologze for his misdeeds by accepting his punishment, Antonio says nothing, suggesting that he does not feel any remorse. He finds Prosperos forgiveness almost impossible to accept and, in the end, we are left wondering which man is more of a monster.It is clear that Calibans character is extremely contradictory: he can be poetic or absurd, pathetic or savagely evil. However, it is the combination of these features which make him such a compelling character. While it is impossible to definitely say what makes Caliban so important to The Tempest, it seems evident that the character, in all his complexity, contributes greatly to the richness and variety of Shakespeares remarkable world.

The Appropriation Of Different Forms Of Language - 1486 Words

Section1 A) Pragmatics refer to the appropriation and use of different forms of language in their appropriate social situations. Across the spectrum of social situations there’s a range of language forms that are socially acceptable for each. Learning to recognize in which instance different language forms are appropriate is known as following pragmatic rules of speech. Communication competence refers to our capacity to use our different language elements in a way that’s effective and completes our output of speech in a way that helps our communication come across in the context we intended it for. This relates closely to pragmatic rules and our understanding of them directly relates to our own communication competence as without following†¦show more content†¦This significant jump is vastly theorised but remains unexplained. There is evidence of early language being based on imitated, repetitive utterances of duality. The idea of imitated, repetitive utterances origina ted in the bow wow theory of hunters making animal noises while tracking these animals. Somehow from this we have developed into having extremely complex language which can be very ambiguous and its complexity exceeds the possibility for duality in most instances. It has developed so much to the point where there is literally an open possibility in terms of the sort of messages that can be portrayed with use of language. The discontinuity problem addresses this gap in development. Even though language is very innate to most living things, the way it originated and developed into the complex system it is today the discontinuance of certain parts of one system when transitioning into the next is unexplainable. Section 2 Noise is and can be responsible for the misperception of communication which can have disastrous effect. It can occur internally and externally and affect communication between the sender and receiver. 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Legal Aspects of Diversity Article Review Essay - 900 Words

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Blanches and Stanleys social stations and relationship Essay Example For Students

Blanches and Stanleys social stations and relationship Essay Blanche sees Staley as keeping Stella in his grasp through his unpretentious, powerful sexual attraction and nothing more, never giving Stanley credit for any higher feelings. The basic differences in Blanches and Stanleys social stations and relationship to Stella expand into larger issues that make compromise impossible. The fact that they are both fighting for survival is a similarity. However the principals and notions governing why they do this are almost entirely different. The reasons the two struggle may be almost entirely different and the notions that govern them too, although there is one reason for struggle that the two hold in common. That reason is the search for love and affection from those they hold dear to them. In Williams play Stanley shows his desire for love and affection in a very primal and sexual manner. His lust for Stella is obvious describing her in scene three as my baby doll and after nearly losing her is described as falling on his knees on the steps and his face into her belly, curving a little with maternity. Blanche throughout the play is also searching for love and affection however goes about this search in a very different way. Blanche prefers to live in the world of fantasy, as she admits to Mitch, she found the man she loved in bed with another man, saying by coming suddenly into a room that I thought was empty, but had two people in it. It becomes clear at this point that Blanche wants to misrepresent things and live life how she thinks it ought to be rather than the way that it is. Blanch goes on to tell Mitch that afterwards we pretended that nothing had ever been discovered. It is this misrepresentation of life that helps better explain how Blanche goes about her search for love and affection. The affection Blanche seeks is similar to Stanleys as it is also a physical dependence on another. Stanley relies on Stella but Blanche, after losing the young man that she loved describes herself as reliant on strangers, ironically telling the doctor in scene eleven Whoever you are-I have always depended on the kindness of strangers. Blanches demise at this point is complete as her search for love and struggle against reality has driven her insane. Blanche still refuses, out of shear fear, to let herself believe that her reliance on strangers has done her ill. In reality strangers seem only to have been kind to her in exchange for sex after Blanche lost Belle Reve; and others such as Stanley and Mitch have failed to give her the sympathy she deserves. However misguided both the Kowalskis and the Du Bois are strongly led by a lust or desire to love and be loved, and without question in this case they are alike. In conclusion I believe that the Kowalskis and Dubois are quite similar in their actions. However, and ultimately, the motivation behind their actions, notions and philosophy on life is so different that the two, by the end of the play at least, are without doubt very far from alike. In addition I believe that Stanley and Blanches perspective on life could be proved as different due to success. Of course this is not success in social status or wealth but success defined as fulfilling ones own goals. Both characters strive for control and affection however only Stanley really fulfils this goal. Stanley through his primitive, hot blooded and masculine nature demands control over those around him and has untiring love from his wife, Stella. Blanche on the other hand does not have either of these things; Blanche failed to undermine Stanley and gain Stellas respect, she also failed in controlling Mitch and the other men with her false femininity and flirtation. As far as love and affection for Blanche is concerned, this had been Blanches principal focus since the suicide of her lover after she caught him cheating on her with another man. .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .postImageUrl , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:hover , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:visited , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:active { border:0!important; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:active , .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60 .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c89c20c5ac21897e5384cd0d882cd60:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mariah carey EssayIronically this focus ultimately led to her downfall and her living in a world devoid of reality as she prostituted herself in a feeble attempt to grasp mens affection. The success of the Kowalskis and failure of Blanche is strong evidence of the differences in notions that drive the Characters. Therefore I agree with the statement almost entirely as that the Kowalskis and Du Bois have very different primary notions that motivate them in throughout the play.